Minimally invasive hysterectomy in Coatis ( Nasua nasua ) / Histerectomia minimamente invasiva em Quatis (Nasua nasua)

Some wildlife species, such as coatis, have a high degree of adaptability to adverse conditions, such as fragmented urban forests, increasingly common on the world stage. The increase in the number of these mesopredators causes drastic changes in the communities of smaller predators, interferes with reproductive success of trees, as well as becoming a form of exchange between domestic and wild areas, favoring the transmission of zoonosis and increasing the occurrence of attacks to animals or people. This report describes the use of minimally invasive hysterectomy in two individuals of the species Nasua nasua, which can be accomplished through the use of hook technique, commonly used to castrate dogs and cats. The small incision and healing speed of incised tissues are fundamental in wild life management since the postoperative care is limited by the behavior of these animals. This technique proved to be effective and can greatly reduce the morbidity of this procedure in coatis.(AU)

Algumas espécies selvagens, como os quatis, possuem alto grau de adaptabilidade a condições adversas, como as de florestas urbanas fragmentadas, cada vez mais comuns no cenário mundial. O aumento do número destes mesopredadores causa alterações drásticas nas comunidades de pequenos predadores, interfere no sucesso reprodutivo de árvores, além de se tornar uma forma de intercâmbio entre áreas domésticas e selvagens, facilitando a veiculação de zoonoses e aumentando a ocorrência de ataques a animais ou pessoas. O presente relato descreve a utilização da histerectomia minimamente invasiva em dois indivíduos da espécie Nasua nasua, que pode ser realizada por meio da utilização da técnica do gancho, comumente utilizada para a castração de cães e gatos. A incisão reduzida e a rapidez da cicatrização dos tecidos incisados são fundamentais no manejo de espécies selvagens, visto que os cuidados pós-operatórios são limitados pelo comportamento desses animais. Esta técnica mostrou-se eficaz e pode reduzir sobremaneira a morbidade desse procedimento em quatis.(AU)

Effects of dexmedetomidine on pulse pressure variation changes induced by hemorrhage followed by volume replacement in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on changes in pulse pressure variation (PPV) induced by hemorrhage followed by volume replacement (VR) during isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, crossover study. SETTING: Research laboratory at a veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Eight adult dogs. INTERVENTIONS: Anesthesia was maintained with 1.3 times the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of ISO alone or ISO with DEX (ISO-DEX, 1.6 µg/kg [bolus], followed by 2 µg/kg/h). Atropine was administered 30 minutes prior to hemorrhage in the ISO-DEX treatment. Ventilation was controlled (tidal volume of 12 mL/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure of 7 cm H2 O, respiratory rate of 16-20/min) under neuromuscular blockade. After recording baseline data, progressive withdrawal of 10%, 20%, and 30% of blood volume (HV10 , HV20 , and HV30 , respectively [measurements during hemorrhage, indicating x% of blood volume removed]) was followed by VR with autologous blood. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In 4 of 8 ISO dogs, hemorrhage decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mm Hg. Based on mean arterial pressure after hemorrhage, dogs were assigned to hypotensive (HG) and normotensive (NG) groups post hoc. During ISO, stroke index and cardiac index decreased with hemorrhage (P < 0.05), while VR normalized or increased these variables. The PPV (%, mean [range]) was increased by hemorrhage from 7 (5-9) to 20 (12-27) and 27 (17-40) at HV20 and HV30 , respectively, only in ISO dogs in the HG; PPV returned to baseline after VR. Dexmedetomidine caused increases in systemic vascular resistance (in dogs in HG and NG), and prevented the increase in PPV with hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: During ISO anesthesia, PPV increases in individuals prone to developing hypotension from hypovolemia. Because DEX prevents the increase in PPV associated with hypovolemia, PPV should not be used to guide VR in dogs that have been given DEX.

Effects of a dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion and atropine on changes in global perfusion variables induced by hemorrhage followed by volume replacement in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) and atropine on changes in global perfusion variables induced by hemorrhage and volume replacement (VR) in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. ANIMALS: 8 adult dogs. PROCEDURES: Each dog was anesthetized twice, with a 2-week interval between anesthetic sessions. Anesthesia was maintained with 1.3 times the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane with and without dexmedetomidine (1.6 µg/kg, IV bolus, followed by 2 µg/kg/h, CRI). Dogs were mechanically ventilated and received an atracurium neuromuscular blockade during both sessions. During anesthesia with isoflurane and dexmedetomidine, atropine was administered 30 minutes before baseline measurements were obtained. After baseline data were recorded, 30% of the total blood volume was progressively withdrawn and VR was achieved with an equal proportion of autologous blood. RESULTS: Following hemorrhage, cardiac index, oxygen delivery index, and mixed-venous oxygen saturation were significantly decreased and the oxygen extraction ratio was significantly increased from baseline. The anaerobic threshold was not achieved during either anesthetic session. When dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and dexmedetomidine, they had a significantly lower heart rate, cardiac index, and mixed-venous oxygen saturation during VR than they did when anesthetized with isoflurane alone. Plasma lactate concentration, mixed venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference, base excess, and anion gap were unaltered by hemorrhage and VR and did not differ between anesthetic sessions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that the use of a dexmedetomidine CRI combined with atropine in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs that underwent volume-controlled hemorrhage followed by VR did not compromise global perfusion sufficiently to result in anaerobic metabolism.